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Acrylamide Essay Example For Students

Acrylamide Essay Acrylamide: Made By Man And Nature At the point when traditionalists and others stress over poisonous spoil in the supplements they eat and the universe they live in they as a rule consider just the pollute that originates from human exercises. Acrylamide is a white, unscented, crystalline strong synthetic that is utilized to do polyacrylamide stuffs that are utilized to take particles and drosss from soaking up H2O ; gum ; paper ; beautifiers ; dam establishments ; baccy smolder ; and grout ( Acrylamide, 2009 ; Frequently Asked Questions Acrylamide in Food, 2010 ; Acrylamide and Proposition 65, 2005 ) . Acrylamide is other than called any of the undermentioned names: â€Å"acrylamide monomer, 2-Propenamide, acrylic amide, propenoic corrosive amide, ethylene carboxamide, vinyl amide, Amresco, Acryl-40, Acrylagel† ( Acrylamide, 2009 ) . As a semisynthetic substance that is found in such a large number of stocks and set into such extraordinary contact with soaking up H2O and earth acrylamide simple and regularly enters the human natural structure and that of vitalize creatures that are much of the time devoured by universes and other invigorate creatures ( Acrylamide, 2009 ) . Acrylamide breaks up simple in H2O, quickly goes through H2O and drains into the soil ; however it biodegrades inside an issue of hebdomads so it does non remain in land or H2O beginnings for broadened periods except if those nations are re-tainted ( Acrylamide, 2009 ) . We will compose a custom article on Acrylamide explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The semisynthetic variant of acrylamide, in any case, is non the solitary one human presences need to stress roughly. Albeit grown-up male started doing acrylamide in 1949 Swedish researchers affirmed in 2002 that specific supplements, when cooked at high temperatures, obviously structure acrylamide and universes so straight ingest the concoction ( Acrylamide: Fried Food s Unwelcome Ingredient, 2009 ) . The supplements that make acrylamide when cooked at high temperatures ( planning anything over 248 evaluations Fahrenheit ) are those that have the undermentioned highlights: â€Å"a obviously happening amino corrosive called asparagine, an obviously happening sugar like glucose, and high cookery temperatures† ( Acrylamide: Fried Food s Unwelcome Ingredient, 2009 ; Acrylamide in Food and Cancer Risk, 2008 ) . The system through which acrylamide happens in supplement Begins when the amino corrosive asparagine, a protein, exists within the sight of specific sugars ( Acrylamide in Food and Cancer Risk, 2008 ) . When warmth is applied through heating, flame broiling, simmering, or browning to the asparagine it responds with the sugars to sort out acrylamide ( Acrylamide in Food and Cancer Risk, 2008 ) . Be that as it may, both bubbling and microwaving have been discovered less inclined to deliver acrylamide in these equivalent supplements and the clasp a supplement is presented to high temperatures can other than increment its fixation ( Acrylamide in Food and Cancer Risk, 2008 ) . Broiled Asparagus officinales, Gallic french friess, murphy french friess, and other singed or simmered bland veggies are accepted to hold high degrees of acrylamide. Notwithstanding, researchers late discovered acrylamide in dried natural products, unconventionally pears and prunes, and verified that the capacity strategies utilized for murphies and the sorts of murphies cooked other than impacts the level of acrylamide found in supplement ( Acrylamide: Fried Food s Unwelcome Ingredient, 2009 ) . Since it is obviously found in supplements, or shows up in supplements without the immediate introduction by grown-up male, this semisynthetic synthetic can other than be viewed as a naturally happening compound. Regardless of whether man-made or obviously resulting, by the by, acrylamide is unsafe. Acrylamide is known to do harmful neoplastic malady ( Acrylamide in Food and Cancer Risk, 2008 ) . At the point when high degrees of acrylamide are discharged into the air, as they are the point at which the substance is fabricated or utilized in a methodology (, for example, coal uncovering or H2O cleaning ) , the individuals who breath it have been found to create neurological damage ( Acrylamide in Food and Cancer Risk, 2008 ) . The United Kingdom s Environment Agency demonstrates that acrylamide can non only motivation threatening neoplastic infection however next to familial mischief and that unreasonable presentation can affect the generative framework, eyes, encephalon, and covering ( Acrylamide, 2009 ) . The Canadian specialists has recorded the compound as a threat to human wellbeing, yet has non shown a particular concerns ( Acrylamide: Fried Food s Unwelcome Ingredient, 2009 ) . The Wor ld Health Organization other than shows that acrylamide â€Å"is known to do dangerous neoplastic malady in enliven creatures poisonous to the sensory system of both vivify creatures and humans† ( Frequently Asked Questions Acrylamide in Food, 2010 ) . .uca18d4f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95 , .uca18d4f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95 .postImageUrl , .uca18d4f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uca18d4f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95 , .uca18d4f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95:hover , .uca18d4f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95:visited , .uca18d4f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95:active { border:0!important; } .uca18d4f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uca18d4f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uca18d4f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95:active , .uca18d4f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uca18d4f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .uca18d4f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .uca18d4f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uca18d4f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .uca18d4f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uca18d4 f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uca18d4f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uca18d4f76a2ffa3db8f871e67fa31f95:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The street not taken EssayAlthough the use of acrylamide in grout, embankments, H2O refinement, paper, and plastics should simple be possible off with and substitution stocks utilized, the reality remains that on the grounds that the compound shows up obviously in supplements it will in any case sway human life and wellbeing ( Frequently Asked Questions Acrylamide in Food, 2010 ) . The point of convergence on compound corrupt and presentation has ever centered around man-made wounds, however acrylamide s peril is obviously occurring and was simply found preeminent in 2002. This implies there has been little clasp to break down its turn of events and discover approaches to thwart it from hurting individuals. Further, as the data thought about the wounds of acrylamide has concentrated on smoke and its use in mechanical work, more surveies should be performed before the full danger of this pollution can be nicely recognized. Notwithstanding, as a result of the way that paper and fictile waste contain this substance, and it is simple separated in H2O and soil, the use of acrylamide in those stocks must end to thwart more remote pollute of the supplement connection. Propensities are hard to interfere, yet a few wonts must be broken. There are many exchange offices to sublimate H2O and make paper and plastic stocks. Producers and others have to focus on interchange offices of achieving their closures without trust on acrylamide. Researchers, by and by, need to all the more likely comprehend the improvement of acrylamide in non only cooked supplements yet close to dried supplements and how they interface with vivify creatures and universes to thwart wounds from occurring. Further, filtering of this substance into the earth can just build its ingestion and must be halted. Notices Acrylamide. ( 2009 ) . The Environment Agency, United Kingdom. Recovered February 9, 2010, from hypertext move convention:/www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/themes/contamination/320.aspx? Acrylamide and Proposition 65. ( 2008 ) . California Environmental Protection Agency. Recovered February 9, 2010, from hypertext move convention:/www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/acrylamideqa.html Acrylamide: Fried Food s Unwelcome Ingredient. ( 2009 ) . Canadian Broadcasting Company. Recovered February 9, 2010, from hypertext move convention:/www.cbc.ca/wellbeing/story/2009/02/24/f-acrylamide.html Acrylamide in Food and Cancer Risk. ( 2008 ) . National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. Recovered February 9, 2010, from hypertext move convention:/www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/chance/acrylamide-in-food Every now and again Asked Questions Acrylamide in Food. ( 2010 ) . World Health Organization. Recovered February 9, 2010, from hypertext move convention:/www.who.int/foodsafety/distributions/chem/acrylamide_faqs/en/ Mill operator, G. A ; Spoolman, S. , ( 2009 ) . Populating in the Environment: Principles, Connections, and Solutions ( sixteenth ed. )

How Peoples Prejudices Develop

How People's Prejudices Develop Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How Peoples Prejudices Develop By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on October 31, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on November 07, 2019 Juanmonino / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Types Stereotyping Categorizing Reducing Prejudice View All Back To Top Prejudice can have a strong influence on how people behave and interact with others, particularly with those who are different from them. Prejudice is a baseless and usually negative attitude toward members of a group. Common features of prejudice include negative feelings, stereotyped beliefs, and a tendency to discriminate against members of the group. While specific definitions of prejudice given by social scientists often differ, most agree that it involves prejudgments that are usually negative about members of a group. When people hold prejudicial attitudes toward others, they tend to view everyone who fits into a certain group as being all the same. They paint every individual who holds particular characteristics or beliefs with a very broad brush and fail to really look at each person as a unique individual. Types Prejudice can be based on a number of factors including sex, race, age, sexual orientation, nationality, socioeconomic status, and religion. Some of the most well-known types of prejudice include: RacismSexismClassismHomophobiaNationalismReligious prejudiceAgeismXenophobia Prejudice and Stereotyping When prejudice occurs, stereotyping, discrimination, and bullying may also result. In many cases, prejudices are based on stereotypes. A stereotype is a simplified assumption about a group based on prior experiences or beliefs. Stereotypes can be positive (women are warm and nurturing) or negative (teenagers are lazy). Stereotypes can not only lead to faulty beliefs, but they can also result in both prejudice and discrimination. According to psychologist Gordon Allport, prejudice and stereotypes emerge in part as a result of normal human thinking. In order to make sense of the world around us, its important to sort information into mental categories. The human mind must think with the aid of categories, Allport explained in his book, The Nature of Prejudice. Once formed, categories are the basis for normal prejudgment. We cannot possibly avoid this process. Orderly living depends upon it.?? Prejudice and Stereotyping Are Mental Mistakes In other words, we depend upon our ability to place people, ideas, and objects into different categories in order to make the world simpler and easier to understand. We are simply inundated with too much information to sort through all of it in a logical, methodical, and rational fashion. Being able to quickly categorize information allows us to interact and react quickly, but it also leads to mistakes. Prejudice and stereotyping are just two examples of the mental mistakes that result from our tendency to quickly categorize information in the world around us. In fact, according to an article in Current Directions in Psychological Science, prejudice comes from a deep psychological need where people who arent comfortable with ambiguity are prone to make generalizations about others.?? Research on Categorizing The process of categorization applies to the social world as well as we sort people into mental groups based on factors such as age, sex, and race. Researchers have found that when it comes to categorizing information about people, we tend to minimize the differences between people in certain  groups and exaggerate the differences between groups In one classic experiment, participants were asked to judge the height of people shown in photographs. People in the experiment were also told that In this booklet, the men and women are actually of equal height. We have taken care to match the heights of the men and women pictured. That is, for every woman of a particular height, somewhere in the booklet there is also a man of that same height. Therefore, in order to make as accurate a height judgment as possible, try to judge each photograph as an individual case; do not rely on the persons sex. In addition to these instructions, a $50 cash prize was offered to whoever made the most accurate judgments of height. Despite this, participants consistently rated the men as being a few inches taller than the women. Because of their prejudgment that men are taller than women, the participants were unable to dismiss their existing categorical beliefs about men and women in order to judge the heights accurately. Researchers have also found that people tend to view members of outside groups as being more homogenous than members of their own group, a phenomenon referred to as the out-group homogeneity bias. This perception that all members of an out-group are alike holds true of all groups, whether based on race, nationality, religion, age, or other naturally occurring group affiliations. People tend to see individual differences among members of their own groups, but they tend to see those who belong to out-groups as being all the same. What We Can Do to Reduce Prejudice In addition to looking at the reasons why prejudice occurs, researchers have also explored different ways that prejudice can be reduced or even eliminated. Training people to become more empathetic to members of other groups is one method that has shown a considerable success. By imagining themselves in the same situation, people are able to think about how they would react and gain a greater understanding of other peoples actions. Other techniques that are used to reduce prejudice include: Passing laws and regulations that require fair and equal treatment for all groups of peopleGaining public support and awareness for anti-prejudice social normsMaking people aware of the inconsistencies in their own beliefsIncreased contact with members of other social groups

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International Cybercrime And Racketeering. Essay - 1294 Words

International Cybercrime and Racketeering The word ‘racketeering’ commonly brings up the image of Al Capone and John Gotti. The mafia seemingly coined this phrase in their dealings with illegal organized crimes. The emergence of new technologies and the internet, racketeering has become synonymous with the phrase cybercrime. Cybercrime refers to â€Å"crimes in which the perpetrator uses their distinct skills with computer technology† to commit unlawful acts via cyberspace (Holt, Bossler and Spellar, 2105, p. 9). Racketeering is defined as the â€Å"act of offering of a dishonest service [a racket] to solve a problem that wouldn t otherwise exist without the enterprise offering the service† (Investopedia, 2010). Combine the two and there is potential to have catastrophic consequences for both the victim and perpetrator. The case of David Camez is one in which $50 million dollars’ worth of financial fraud was committed using the internet. Combined wit h racketeering efforts, his case made headlines due to its influence on how the Justice Department now looks at racketeering acts. The Nature of The Crime On December 6, 2013 David Camez who resided in Arizona was convicted and sentenced to 20 years in federal prison for his part in a complex cybercrime plot that included racketeering offenses. The U.S. Department of Justice states that Camez’s was charged with â€Å"one count of participating in a racketeer influenced corrupt organization and one count of conspiracy to participate in aShow MoreRelatedThe Role of the Internet and Crime971 Words   |  4 Pagesneighbor girl, leading the girl to hang herself (Griggs, B. 2012).† Laws are being made to help prosecute and convict these cyber bullies that use computers to harass others. In 2009 over 100 Americans and Egyptians were arrested after a large international identity theft ring was discovered. The ring targeted two large banks which victimized over 5,000 U.S. customers. The compromising of the two banks was caused from â€Å"phishing† which is gaining personal information by sending phony emails from legitimateRead MoreCybercrime Is Crime That Involves A Computer And A Network2155 Words   |  9 PagesCybercrime is crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may be used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target. Debarati Halder and K. Jaishankar (2011) define cyber-crimes as: Offences that are committed against individuals or groups of individuals with a criminal motive to intentionally harm the reputation of the victim or cause physical or mental harm, or loss, to the victim directly or indirectly, using modern telecommunication networks such as Internet. Such crimesRead MoreFederal Crime And The Civil War1594 Words   |  7 Pagescrime was a significant national problem, and that the federal government should take a leading role in fighting it. The first federal organized crime law, passed in 1961, dealt only with persons who had traveled across state lines in support of racketeering activity. Next, Congress made all loan sharking a federal crime based on its finding that loan sharking provided funds for organized crime. This law was the first for the federal government not to require any showing of interstate travel or impactRead MoreThe Growing Problem of White Collar Crimes in India 19963 Words   |  80 Pagesperson wrongfully takes another persons money or property with the intent to appropriate, convert or steal it, Money Laundering--The investment or transfer of money from racketeering, drug transactions or other embezzlement schemes so that it appears that its original source either cannot be traced or is legitimate, Racketeering--The operation of an illegal business for personal profit, Securities Fraud--The act of artificially inflating the price of stocks by brokers so that buyers can purchase

The Dairy Farm Group

Question: write an essay on The Dairy Farm Group. Answer: A company finds itself shrouded in doubts and dilemmas regarding critical decisions made. The Dairy Farm Group, which is a branded Hong Kong based food retailer. The company undertakes certain activities according to the mission and objectives of the company. The company has suffered from certain shortcomings in the operational activities and framework. It finds itself in a complicated situation regarding business decisions. The report sheds light on the business decisions made by the company and the necessary recommendations, which are required to overcome the loopholes in the decisions. Evaluation of the decisions taken by the company Organizational Strategy The Dairy Farm Group had the mission to become one of the leading food retail companies and in order to achieve that the company adopted the business strategy of meeting customer needs and customer satisfaction. The policy of rationalization and elimination of non-core operations led the company to pursue expansion policy and establish itself as a leading company in the targeted market. The financial statement of the company depicts a rise in the profit margin of the company from 1993 to 1997. The turnover of the company has also increased in the financial years. The strategy of the company allowed the company to overcome the threats and weakness existing in the company. It allowed the company to utilize the resources and expand its resources the balance sheet of the company depicts the sound sate of affair of the business of the company. The organizational strategy allowed the company to increase the customer base and market share with the capitalization strategy. It put the company develop a competitive advantage (Hadar et al. 2016). Stakeholder and stakeholder management Dairy Farm Group did develop projects to suit their business strategy and prospect. The decisions taken during the project suffered from shortcomings in the information system, where there were lacks of information available to personnel. These presented issues presented the company with critical issues, which made the management incapable to take sufficient actions to provide remedial solutions. The stakeholders were unhappy with the management of the company and the inability to provide direction to the company to achieve its mission and objectives. The company faced the threat of decline in sales due to the Asian Crisis. The growing competition faced by the company from rivals threatened the operation and profitability level of the company. Therefore, it could be viewed that the company were facing shortcomings in stakeholders management (Buschle et al. 2016). The management needs to identify the needs and requirements of stakeholders, which it can utilize in planning organizational strategy and organizational communications. It needs to develop the information system and eliminate defects in the information system that can hinder the operational activity of the company. Change management would be useful in this case. The development of better managerial strategies and development of e-commerce and technology would benefit the company (Niu et al. 2014). Organizational structure and design The organization followed a federated style. It led to the independent working of different acquired smaller organizations. It caused lack of management control for the company and there were no direct control. The federated style of organization led to wastage of resources and human resources, especially in the accounting section. It led to duplication of assets and unfair representation of assets. In one of the section, the transportation cost also rose leading to low profitability (Cao et al. 2013). Project Management The company decisions regarding the information system provided hindrance to the company, in terms of management control. The management was lacking information regarding management decisions. The store system was insufficient to capture complete information about knowledge, which handicapped the company in meeting the goals of customer satisfaction. The management information system suffered from major shortcomings, which devoured the company from critical information in management control. This led to a decline of the performance of the project of the company and consequently led to fall in the business processes of the company. It also increased dissatisfaction among stakeholders of the company. Improving the information system and the management information system was the key for improving the management control of the company. Improving the technological state and inducing electronic commerce and business would benefit the company. This could allow the management to have better control and wide array of information for decision making (Mir et al. 2014). Information System The information system was designed specifically to meet the requirement of particular business function. Due to the expansion policy of the company, the increased business operations increased the maintenance expenditure on the information system. According to the store system of Dairy Farm Group, the information system could not capture all the details of the transactions of the customers. This majorly hampered the information system. The information system could not successful provide input on knowledge of the customer, this led to the inability of the company to form complete idea about customer. The information system also turned out to be insufficient from the viewpoint of providing relative and information regarding management decisions. Due to such loopholes management was unable to take critical decisions and the lack of information also provided hindrances in identifying the grounds of deviations like lack of information regarding to sales (Cao et al. 2013). There are certain remedies available for such shortcomings. Development of information system of the management could be possible with correct solutions regarding technology and information system. Development of e-commerce was a vital ground to focus on to develop better information system. Online retailing was critical in developing the information system and communication system could benefit the information system of the company. Electronic store and electronic distribution centre could be beneficial to the company (Sullivan et al. 2014). Correct input and development of technology was vital. There should be evaluation of qualitative and quantitative information available to the management. Opportunities Overcoming the loopholes in the information system and development of web service and web browsers could be beneficial to the company. Enabling better network system and development of e-commerce would make the management more potent in handling management related issues and facilitate in undertaking effective decisions. It would provide better opportunities for data sharing and develop accessible information system and also reduce maintenance overhead (Wang et al. 2013). Conclusion On concluding the report, it can be viewed that the company faces major shortcoming in the information system. The information system seems incompetent to match the growing requirements and business strategies of the company. Lack of key information had deemed the management incapable of taking business decisions and also created dissatisfaction among stakeholders. The absence of major information led to tactical errors leading to high expenditure and drop in profitability. Reference List Buschle, M., Johnson, P. and Shahzad, K., 2013. The enterprise architecture analysis toolsupport for the predictive, probabilistic architecture modeling framework. In19th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2013; Chicago, IL; United States; 15 August 2013 through 17 August 2013(pp. 3350-3364). Association for Information Systems. Cao, J., Gao, H., Li, L.E. and Friedman, B., 2013, April. Enterprise social network analysis and modeling: A tale of two graphs. InINFOCOM, 2013 Proceedings IEEE(pp. 2382-2390). IEEE. Hadar, E., Hadar, I. and Davis, J., Ca, Inc., 2016.Solution modeling and analysis toolset for enterprise software architecture and skeleton architecture. U.S. Patent 9,244,655. Khajehà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Hosseini, A., Greenwood, D., Smith, J.W. and Sommerville, I., 2012. The cloud adoption toolkit: supporting cloud adoption decisions in the enterprise.Software: Practice and Experience,42(4), pp.447-465. Mir, T.M., Revuru, A.K.V., Manohar, D.J. and Batta, V., 2012.Threat analysis and modeling during a software development lifecycle of a software application. U.S. Patent 8,091,065. Niu, N., Da Xu, L., Cheng, J.R.C. and Niu, Z., 2014. Analysis of architecturally significant requirements for enterprise systems.Systems Journal, IEEE,8(3), pp.850-857. Sullivan, B.L., Aycrigg, J.L., Barry, J.H., Bonney, R.E., Bruns, N., Cooper, C.B., Damoulas, T., Dhondt, A.A., Dietterich, T., Farnsworth, A. and Fink, D., 2014. The eBird enterprise: an integrated approach to development and application of citizen science.Biological Conservation,169, pp.31-40. Wang, Y., Li, J., Meng, K., Lin, C. and Cheng, X., 2013. Modeling and security analysis of enterprise network using attackdefense stochastic game Petri nets.Security and Communication Networks,6(1), pp.89-99.

The Criminalization Of Knowingly Transmitting AIDS Essays - HIVAIDS

The Criminalization of Knowingly Transmitting AIDS Table of Contents Brief history of AIDS and the criminalization of knowingly transmitting it.......................................3 Interviews concerning the issue............................4 Reasons for the criminalization of knowingly transmitting AIDS..................................................5 Reasons against the criminalization of knowingly transmitting AIDS.....................................7 My position and conclusion.................................8 Brief History of AIDS and the Criminalization of Knowingly Transmitting It Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The virus was discoverd independently in France in 1983 and in the United States in 1984. In the United States, it was initially identified in 1981. In 1986, a second virus, now called HIV-2, was also discovered in Africa. HIV-2 also causes AIDS. AIDS is transmitted in three ways: From sexual contact without protection, from the mixing of ones blood with infected blood, and from an infected pregnant woman to her fetus. Infection can occur from blood transfusions of infected blood, or sharing 'dirty' needles. (Needles already used, in this case, by a HIV positive person.) The criminalization of intentionally spreading AIDS has been a big issue recently, and still remains so. As of September, 1991, legislation criminalizing AIDS transmission has been passed in 24 states. Among these states are California, Idaho, Ohio, Missouri, Michigan, and South Carolina. Under these current laws, it is a crime to knowingly transmit the virus through sex, sharing needles, donating infected blood, organs, or skin tissue. The first person to go to court under these laws in Michigan was Jeffrey Hanlon. Hanlon was a gay man who infected another man from Michigan while he was in New York. The American Civil Liberties Union, who agreed to take the case, agrued that the AIDS disclosure law is unconstitutional. Privacy of those with AIDS is what they were worried about. Opponents argued that "they're [those with AIDS] killing people. It's like rape." The maximum sentence Hanlon could have recieved was four years in prison and a $2000 fine. In addition, under the current New York State law, which dates back well before June, 1987, the knowing transmission of a venerial disease is a felony. However, at that time, and currently, AIDS was not classified as a venerial disease. Interviews Concerning the Issue Most people believe that the willful transmission of AIDS to others it virtually murder. I have interviewed **name** and **name**. Both of them feel that intentionally passing AIDS on to another person is murder. The recipient of the virus will, in almost every case, die rather quickly of an AIDS related disease. **name** feels that "if someone knowingly transmits AIDS to another person, it's like committing murder. He or she should be punished to the full extent of the law." In addition to personal interviews, I have found the opinions of Governor Cuomo and former President Ronald Reagan. On June 1, 1987, Cuomo revealed that state lawmakers would consider making the transmission of AIDS a crime. He was quoted at the time as saying: "If you know you have AIDS and you pass it on to someone who is not aware, that should be regarded as a very serious offense. I'm not talking about sins and morality; I'm talking about a sin against the community, a crime. We should look into that." However, nothing was proposed at the time. Former President Ronald Reagan called for "routine" AIDS testing of prisoners, marriage license applicants, immigrants, and possibly some hospital patients. His purpose was only to identify carriers of the disease; no comment concerning the criminalization of the transmission of AIDS was made. Reasons for the Criminalization of Knowingly Transmitting AIDS There are not many reasons for the criminalization of knowingly transmitting AIDS. However, they are very convincing arguments. The first and one of the most convincing arguments is because it will help stop the propogation of the virus. Ideally, if people know that it is a crime to transmit the virus, then they will not. The only way that AIDS will remain an epidemic is if it is continually spread. This is because those with AIDS will in most cases die rather quickly of an AIDS related disease. If they do not spread it, then the number of people with the virus will decline steadily without fail. Another reason is that someone who is intentionally transmitting the disease is doing it for their own satisfaction and/or to hurt others. Such is the case with a drug pusher. Many magazine articles have made reference to the analogy "a drug pusher is the same as an AIDS pusher." Their argument is that if drug pushers are treated as if they commit criminal acts, then

Essay Sample on the South African Land Reform Process

Essay Sample on the South African Land Reform Process South Africa is a wonderful place. Ask the thousands of Nigerians going to Joburg. Those already there may have a different story however. Nevertheless, it’s a wonderful place, on TV at least. Like every other country, South Africans have their own problems. Take land distribution for example. About 15% or less of the population own 85% of the best arable land, leaving the poorer, arid soils to the remaining 85% of the population. This equation may sound unbalanced, but what if the lucky 15% feeds the whole country and still have a whole lot left over for export, contributing to the growth of the South African economy? Theoretically, that is what happens, thanks to advanced technological approaches to agriculture, but lets take a closer look. The lands owned by the 15% of mostly white farmers were seized decades ago by force, trickery or economic manipulation. It is a history we are all familiar with. This, in a continent of communal land ownership, practiced from time immemorial. The acquired practice of individual land ownership has over time, reduced productivity, and created landless serfs and a hapless pool of farm workers desperate enough to accept whatever is thrown to them as handouts. It does create wealth-for a few landowners that is. It is thus not strange how this few have maintained their stranglehold on the mechanisms of production with all the resources at their disposal. This is aside government policy deliberately fashioned to favour white landowners and directly oppress the poor black majority and dispossess them of whatever land they had left. What is extremely strange is the way the present South African government is trying to play ‘Mr. nice guy’ with the South African land reform process . It has suggested a buyback process where the white farmers are refusing to sell and the marginalized people are too poor to buy. It is not surprising that it has been a resounding failure so far. Why the present government insists on protecting the so called property rights of people who acquired land through decades of killing, oppression, cheating and economic manipulation is baffling. These rights were not legally acquired in the first place-legal here means morally right, not a title deed signed by a tribal chieftain who couldn’t read or understand what he was signing, or one acquired from an irreprehensible governing system such as apartheid after people had been forcefully ejected from their lands and homes. Thus the issue of financial compensation should not even arise; they never really owned the land in the first place. The South African agricultural scene is economic exploitation at its triumphant best. While the rich farmers sell their cash and food crops to the highest bidders at home and abroad, majority of people the people are marginally poor in their homeland, without jobs or in low paying jobs, economically exploited and oppressed by a country that lost its apartheid tone only in the colour of the flag, the skin of the president and the constitution of the sports teams. It’s not as if the white farmers use up all their land. Most of the land lays waste in fallow or is unutilized due to mechanical constraints. Lappe and Collins (1984) in their book, ‘Food First’ showed, with data collected from different reliable sources and countries looks at this literal waste of valuable land by large land holding interests. A study of land use in Latin America showed that farmers who owned up to 10 acres cultivated 72%of their land, but farmers with over 86 acres cultivated only 14% of their land.495 was used for pasture and 37% was left idle. Similarly, a 1968 study of Ecuador showed that farmers with more than 2500 acres used a little over 25%. Such atrocious waste is probably true of South Africa. How the government proves it is serious with land reforms while poor marginalized South Africans witness this spectacle beats me. If South Africa is serious about land reforms, they should do it the proper, morally right way. First, all land should be seized and properly redistributed. Not Zimbabwean style, where redistribution was to party cronies who had no desire to work the land, fueling famine, but to cooperative communities composed of farmers who have shown seriousness in developing the land. These farmers should include landless, marginalized citizens who will be willing to invest time and energy in producing crops for local consumption and export in return for the profits and benefits that accrue from such shared ownerships. Forced collectivism should not be encouraged, as it has been shown to be counterproductive. In the early 50s, Yugoslavia and Poland had to abandon a top- down approach to creating agricultural cooperatives. (Bergman, ‘Farm Policies in socialist countries-Lexington, Mass.: Heath, 1975 pp 129ff). The redistribution of land has to be democratic-not democracy of those with the fi nancial muscle to hijack the process as practiced worldwide today-but real democracy, where the ideas of the people forming the cooperatives will be allowed to germinate into a healthy enthusiasm that translates to practical, workable actions that will foster development for the nation and create genuine wealth for the thousands of landless poor south Africans who are looked on as a liability by their government and a class of   elite landowners who shoot at them for trespassing on private property. This is not a call for a bloody revolution. If properly carried out, a sensible agreement can be reached between all parties. Lappe and Collins (1984) noted that seldom, if ever, have land distribution triggered the wholesale liquidation so frequently feared by most capitalist entities. But land distribution is not enough if food production and wealth creation is to be increased. Access to tools, credit, agricultural inputs and necessary infrastructure has to be facilitated by the gove rnment for the cooperatives if this venture is to succeed. Land distribution is useless if these essential tools are left in the hands of greedy, exploitative middlemen. So, South Africans, get talking and start something for the sake of future South Africans. This is a sample Law essay written by one of our academic writers. If you want to order a custom written essay, term paper, research paper, dissertation, thesis contact our company now to get professional academic writing help.

Lazy Word Choice

Lazy Word Choice Lazy Word Choice Lazy Word Choice By Maeve Maddox Thanks to today’s instant communication, words used by one blogger or celebrity catch on at an astounding rate, spilling over into advertising, entertainment, and website comments. One evening I became aware of two television ads airing back to back. One was for a telephone service; the other for a car. Both hammered the word crazy to describe features of their products: â€Å"crazy, crazy generous, crazy efficient, crazy protection.† This mindless kind of usage strips words of meaning. It wastes the power of words that have more appropriate uses. Take this headline, for example: Daylight Saving Time Is Americas Greatest Shame Shame can be used in more than one sense, including a fairly meaningless social convention: â€Å"It’s a shame you couldn’t join us for dinner.† Used as it is in the headline, however, shame is a strong word, calling up images of the Indian removals known as the Trail of Tears, the WWII internment camps for U.S. citizens of Japanese descent, and the Tuskegee syphilis experiments that used untreated black Americans as a control group. Daylight Saving Time may be a fraud. It may be annoying, unnecessary, disruptive or any number of disagreeable things, but is it really â€Å"America’s Greatest Shame†? Sometimes the intended purpose of a piece of writing calls for deliberate misuse of words. Advertising and political speeches come to mind. We live under a constant verbal barrage. It’s impossible to ignore the catch phrases of our culture. They enter our minds and speech. If we are writers, they creep into our first drafts. Happily, we can replace poorly chosen words as we revise. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of LanguageBroadcast vs Broadcasted as Past Form75 Synonyms for â€Å"Hard†

Issues of Faculty Training for Online Courses Research Paper - 1

Issues of Faculty Training for Online Courses - Research Paper Example Second, the approach provides a window of opportunity for innovation (Noor, 2008). Third, the method can be perfectly suited for studying novel and rare phenomenon (Seidman, 2013).  Finally this method is good for challenge (Bogdan & Biklen, 2007). The disadvantages include the following; first, the approach is difficult to derive a definite cause effect inference (Lichtman, 2006). Second, the method is hard to generalize from a single a case and finally it is possible to get biases in data collection and interpretation (Merriam & Merriam, 2009).   The study shall employ semi structured interviews during th process of data collection as they are characterized by topical guidance that contain main questions that are used in a similar manner in every interview. Further, the sequence of the questions is intended to be also following a similar pattern. The choice of semi structured interview had been arrived at due to the fact that there were certain elements within the topic in relation to the sample to be chosen that this researcher might have grasped. Nonetheless, since this is a novel inquiry, the study shall be allowed to take its own course and the questions shall not be imposed upon the participants as a way of imposing the meaning as consequence. Interviews are also comparatively cheaper if done on a relatively small

Trends Executive Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Trends Executive Memo - Essay Example Further, technology will assist in the collection of evidence for use in courts, and in surveillance of correction centers to reduce the breakout incidences that have been on the rise. This is a major step into the future which ought to happen soon. However, serious planning and strategizing is necessary before taking the steps (NRC-US, 2002). Partnership between the state and private security agencies will be enhanced. This will ensure that security information is shared as received from the public and actions taken in a team fashion. The correction department in the country has experienced a number of challenges. Besides the increased breakouts, it has been noted that many inmates get connected to the outside ‘friends’ through the help of the wardens (Gingrich & Worthington, 2013. Pg. 365). This has to stop. Every correction center must have installed surveillance system to monitor activities within (Priest & Arkin, 2011, pg. 76). These systems, from all centers, will be channeled to the head office surveillance department in real-time. The future of the security is that collaborative units will work together to ensure that the public is secure. Further, technological innovations will replace the manual entries and surveillance making the work easier to execute and monitor (Evans, Martin & Poatsy, 2005. pg. 245). Each of the departments will, therefore, perform their mandate with connectivity and collaboration rather than

Identifying QUALCOMM Intellectual Property :: essays research papers

Report on Identifying and Protecting QUALCOMM Inc. Intellectual Property Introduction QUALCOMM Incorporated is a leader in developing and delivering innovative digital wireless communications products and services based on the Company's CDMA digital technology. Headquartered in San Diego, Calif., QUALCOMM has boasted more than 3,000 patent portfolios in wireless industry and has licensed its essential CDMA patent portfolio to more than 125 telecommunications equipment manufacturers worldwide. Under the protection of those IP, QUALCOMM continues to enable the enterprise, network operators and manufacturers, developers and wireless end-users by providing technology innovation and leadership in the telecommunications industry worldwide. This paper will give you a brief analysis on the key forms of QUALCOMM IP, the potential threats and also a general framework to effectively address the intellectual property issues and manage the legal IP risks. QUALCOMM originally made its name known through pioneering and commercializing its CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) digital wireless technology, is now one of the leading enablers of 3G wireless products and services. QUALCOMM spearheads the evolution and growth of 3G wireless by developing CDMA2000Â ® 1X, 1xEV-DO and WCDMA (UMTS) chipsets and end-to-end solutions for network operators and equipment manufactures, as well as other participants in the wireless value chain such as applications developers, publishers and content providers. CDMA works by converting speech into digital information, which is then transmitted as a radio signal over a wireless network. Using a unique code to distinguish each different call, CDMA provides excellent voice capacity and data capability by enabling many more people to share the airwaves at the same time---without static, cross-talk or interference. Because of its advantage, CDMA serves as the foundation for 3G services worldwide. QUALCOMM’s major products and services are generated by three categories of technologies. First is CDMA2000 1x & CDMA2000 1xEV-DO chipsets and solutions, which provide voice and data capabilities within a standard 1.25 MHz CDMA channel for outstanding spectral efficiency and flexibility. Developed as a direct evolution from the previous generation of proven CDMA systems, QUALCOMM’s CDMA2000 technologies provide the easiest, most cost-effective path to 3G services for CDMA operators. The second product the company supplies is Wideband CDMA (UMTS) chipsets and solutions, an approved 3G standard that uses 5 MHz channels for both voice and data. In the area of WCDMA (UMTS) development, QUALCOMM developed the world’s first commercially available, fully integrated WCDMA (UMTS) chipset solutions and now offers complete solutions to support high-speed WCDMA (UMTS) networks worldwide.

College: The Greatest Decision You Can Make Essay

â€Å"In the United States today, there is no more certain investment than a college education†(Carnevale and Melton). Education has always been a major component of American society. One can only go so far without an education, and the more education and knowledge someone has, the better their chances of being successful. Some people believe a high school education is enough, and it is, enough to land a job at a fast food restaurant. I speculate they feel this way because they feel school is not for them, or maybe they just do not want to go far in life. To get far in life people must go above and beyond, and learn things that others do not know to make them stand out in job interviews. College helps develop skills that are necessary for life, and gives them an education that will enhance their future; and despite its few drawbacks, college is worth it. Americans today tend to believe that college is four years of partying and fun while earning a degree, and there is validity in that belief, but one must also include the four years of learning and hard work. One benefit of college is all of the fun activities that there are to take part in. These activities that college students take part in give the students two important things in life: stress management abilities and connections. Students work hard all week and then finally get the chance to relax and do something they enjoy on the weekends. That â€Å"down time† is spent relaxing, and trying to figure out a non-stressful way to complete all homework and projects and still go out for fun. The stress management relates to time management, as students want to do work in a logical time frame that keeps life easy. These two skills relate to life after college because once someone has a job they have to manage the stress of the job and complete tasks in a timely manner. On May 16, 2011, Paul Taylor and his research team from Pew Social & Demographic Trends in Washington DC conducted surveys and asked people if college was worth â€Å"it†. In reference to jobs â€Å"55% [said] it was very useful in helping them prepare for a job or career†. The data from the study supports my assertions of what college provides students with, which is a strong foundation for joining the work force. College also gives students connections. While taking part in activities students make friends and meet people with all kinds of goals for the future. These connections make life easier after college. Students meet friends that have connections to internships, jobs, summer programs and with the help of their friends, students can find themselves in one of these if not more resume building opportunities. Meeting new people and participating in activities make students appear very diverse in turn, more appealing to employers. Another benefit of college is the education that one receives. Not only does one learn about a specific field that other people only have general to no knowledge about, but they essentially become a specialist in a few areas. College forces people to pick their main interests and focus on them. The further they take their education, the more knowledgeable they become in particular fields. Picking a major and minor (sometimes double major and double minor) narrows choices when employers are seeking workers because they want people with a specific skill set, and specific knowledge. Most degrees can give students the opportunity to obtain high paying jobs. Now, while it is true that right out of college students obtain low paying jobs, it also has to be taken into consideration what field the former student is seeking a job in, and the level of their education. For example, if a student obtains a B.A. in management he/she will likely make less money because management is a large field with many people in it. The more people a certain field or job has, the less they will get paid because in the employer’s eyes they are not special, and more people with the exact same degree and qualifications can be found. Now, rewind, and say that same student has a B.A. in biology with a concentration in microbiology. With microbiology being a smaller and more competitive field, a student has the chance to make more money. The amount of jobs available for people with that special knowledge is limited. Employers would pay more because they do not want to lose someone with those rare skills and knowledge to another company. In addition, low paying jobs are not guaranteed to new college graduates, but are still a possibility. However, Anthony Carnevale and Michelle Melton claim that â€Å"rising demand, coupled with the persistent undersupply of college-educated workers over the last 30 years, has driven up relative wages for these workers†. Carnevale and Melton assert that there is a high demand of college-educated workers and that due to the lack of workers, wages are actually increasing. Though I concede that low wages are a possibility for college graduates, I still insist that the wages are higher than what they used to be, and the students could most likely earn more money by continuing there education on through graduate school. In addition, it is believed by the NPR staff writers that most of the low wages and the lack of jobs is due to the current recession. When the benefits and costs and drawbacks of college are compared, it is obvious that the benefits outweigh the problems. According to NPR, â€Å"..every college won’t always be worth it but, he says â€Å"the long-term trends about the average value of a college degree are very strong.† And he says a college degree is still in demand.† The biggest mistake someone can make is not going to college, and that is a decision that they will always regret. Works Cited Carnevale, Anthony P, and Michelle Melton. â€Å"Major Differences: Why Undergraduate Majors Matter.† Presidency Fall 2011: 30-33. Academic Search Premier. Web. 31 Jan. 2012. The authors, Director of Georgetown University Center, Education and the Workforce and a research assistant, use information from their own school and statistics of wages of college graduates. They are credible because they add depth to the argument of what major a person decides on and how that decision effects their salary in the future. They discuss how not all degrees hold the same economic value and encourage students to not only think if college is for them, but what major is best for their future. Cohn, D’Vera. â€Å"Is College Worth it?† Pew Research Center. N.p., 16 May 2011. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. . This source is from the Pew Research Center, in other words a place dedicated to finding facts. This source is credible because it is not opinionated and it is a broad survey of over 2000 people. This source also covers both sides of the argument. There are statistics that add to my argument and help to provide a counter argument for what is cited by Carnevale and Melton state in a separate source. The counter argument provided by this allows me to make my argument stronger and more concrete. Making Headlines Since The ‘70s: Is College Worth It?. National Public Radio. 18 June 2011. http://www.npr.org/â€Å'2011/â€Å'06/â€Å'18/â€Å'137257390/â€Å'making-headlines-since-the-70s-is-college-worth-it. Web. Transcript. 23 Jan. 2012. This broadcast/â€Å'article is a credible source because it is an unbiased source. NPR (National Public Radio) broadcasts to all demographics and is unbiased in its broadcasts. The staff writers point out how most people take the worst cases of college graduates and use them to stereotype all of them, when th at is not the case. They take a logical viewpoint on the issue and show that when the recession ends things will go back to normal. This source is in agreement with the Pew source because both state that college is rather expensive and may not be for everyone.

The Effect Of Classical Music On Short Term Memory

The aim of this experiment was to measure the effect of classical music on short-term memory. The research hypothesis was that subjects would score significantly lower in a memory test of ten objects when listening to â€Å"The Flight of the Bumblebee† than the subjects listening to no music. In this experiment the design was repeated measures, meaning the participants took part in both the music and no-music conditions. The purpose of this was to prevent variables which may occur due to differences in memory abilities. The independent variable was the presence and absence of music whilst participants were asked to recall missing objects. The dependent variable was the number of missing objects remembered in a memory test of ten objects. The controls of this experiment were the debriefing scripts, and the random order of objects presented in the PowerPoint. The target population was Ravenswood Year 12 students. The results found that the participants under the no-music recall condition scores (M=4.9, SD=0.876) were statistically and significantly higher (p≠¤0.05) than their music recall scores (M=3.7, SD=0.781). This suggests that distraction has an influence on the memory retention of objects, supporting the Working Memory Model. The cognitive level of analysis is an approach in psychology the follows the core principles that human beings are mental processors and mental processes guide their behaviour, the mind can be studied scientifically, and cognitive processes areShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Music On Short Term Memory Essay998 Words   |  4 Pages The Effect of Music on Short Term Memory Jessie Eddins 12/12/16 Abstract. This experiment was tested to see whether music had an effect on short term memory. Listening to music while looking at objects will potentially distract the brain, no longer allowing it to hold the information viewed in short term memory. 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If so, how does it affect a person’sRead MoreEffect of Music on Memory Retrieval3944 Words   |  16 PagesEFFECT OF MUSIC ON MEMORY RETRIEVAL THESIS STATEMENT: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I. DEFINITION OF TERMS A. DICTIONARY DEFINITION B. OPERATIONAL DEFINITON II. WHAT IS MUSIC ON MEMORY RETRIEVAL. III. HOW CAN MUSIC AFFECT YOUR LIFE A. THEORIES OF FORGETTING B. MEMORY AND RELATED FINDINGS C. MUSIC AND RELATED STUDIES IV. HISTORY OF MUSIC V .ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE VI. EFFECT OF MUSIC ON MEMORY RETRIEVAL IN YOUR LIFE CONCLUSIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY ALIBASHER ABUBACAR IV-C MSU-ILS